Containment and insertion indicators tell the solver to put one piece of text inside another. Containment involves X surrounding Y (result = Y inside X), as in ‘Irish playwright holds party’ for SHAW contains DO = SHADOW; insertion means X being put into Y (result = X inside Y), as in ‘worker entering annexe’ for ANT inserted into WING = WANTING. In general, any term which suggests something being contained by something else is likely to be acceptable, although setters should avoid ones which are normally used only in a restricted context (eg ‘punches’, which relates specifically to piercing using a tool). Where the indicator is a verb, other forms are possible, such as the infinitive (eg ‘naughty to embrace king’ for BAD contains R = BARD). Note that a few verbs, such as ‘assume’ and ‘inspire’ can be used (in advanced crosswords) to indicate either containment or insertion (‘He inspired the fresh air’ / ‘He was inspired with ambition’). Setters should be careful when using certain past participles with ‘by’ – for instance, ‘Mary imprisoned by Elizabeth’ doesn’t imply imprisonment within Elizabeth.
Date last modified: 21/10/24
Recent changes: (19/01/24) added barking/barks (bark = ‘to encrust’), binding/binds/bound by, coated in/with (in the active form the subject is the person doing the coating), crusts, garments (garment = ‘to clothe or cover’, OED confirms figurative use), masking/masks/masked by (mask = ‘to cloak’), straddling/straddles/straddled by, bestriding/bestrides/bestridden by, cops (cop = ‘to catch’), bookends, (21/05) added over (following reconsideration), added thwarting/thwarts/thwarted by, (13/08) added chambers, girdles, walls, (04/09) added chopping/chops/chopped by (chop = ‘to eat’ and ‘to cut’), done up in/with, slicing/slices, spheres (sphere = ‘to encompass’), cowling/cowls (cowl = ‘to cover like a cowl’), (22/09) added enshrining/enshrines/enshrined in, encased in, enrobed in, (21/10) removed crosses/crossing/crossed by, over.
Indicator | Alternative form(s) | Variety | Type | |
---|---|---|---|---|
aboard | Insertion | Standard | ||
about | Containment | Standard | ||
absorbed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
absorbing | absorbs | Containment | Standard | V*A |
accepted by | Insertion | Standard | ||
accepting | accepts | Containment | Standard | |
accommodated by | Insertion | Standard | ||
accommodating | accommodates | Containment | Standard | |
admitted by | Insertion | Standard | ||
admitting | admits | Containment | Standard | |
adopted by | Insertion | Standard | ||
adopting | adopts | Containment | Standard | |
ambient | Insertion | Advanced | ||
amid | amidst | Insertion | Standard | |
among | Insertion | Standard | ||
apprehended by | Insertion | Standard | ||
apprehending | apprehends | Containment | Standard | |
around | Containment | Standard | ||
arrested by | Insertion | Standard | ||
arresting | arrests | Containment | Standard | V*N,V*A |
assuming | assumes/assumed by | Containment | Advanced | |
assuming | assumes/assumed by | Insertion | Advanced | |
bagged by | Insertion | Standard | ||
bagging | bags | Containment | Standard | V*N |
bailing | bails | Containment | Advanced | V*N |
barking | barks | Containment | Advanced | |
bathed in | Insertion | Standard | ||
bathing | bathes | Containment | Standard | |
bearing | bears | Containment | Standard | V*N |
bedded in | Insertion | Standard | ||
bedding | beds | Containment | Advanced | V*N |
beset by | beset with | Insertion | Standard | |
besetting | besets | Containment | Standard | |
besieged by | Insertion | Standard | ||
besieging | besieges | Containment | Standard | |
bestridden by | Insertion | Standard | ||
bestriding | bestrides | Containment | Standard | |
binding | binds | Containment | Standard | V*N |
biting | bites | Containment | Standard | V*N,V*A |
bitten by | Insertion | Standard | ||
blankets | Containment | Standard | V*N | |
boarded by | Containment | Standard | ||
boarding | boards | Insertion | Standard | V*N,V*A |
bones | Containment | Advanced | V*N | |
bookends | Containment | Standard | V*N | |
bordered by | Insertion | Standard | ||
bordering | borders | Containment | Standard | V*N |
bored by | Containment | Standard | ||
boring | bores | Insertion | Standard | V*N,V*A |
borne by | Insertion | Standard | ||
bottled by | Insertion | Standard | ||
bottling | bottles | Containment | Standard | V*N |
bound by | Insertion | Standard | ||
bounded by | Insertion | Standard | ||
bounding | bounds | Containment | Standard | V*N |
boxed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
boxing | boxes | Containment | Standard | V*N |
bracketed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
bracketing | brackets | Containment | Standard | V*N |
breaking | breaks | Insertion | Advanced | V*N |
broken by | Containment | Advanced | ||
bunged by | Containment | Standard | ||
bunging | bungs | Insertion | Standard | V*N |
buried in | Insertion | Standard | ||
burying | buries | Containment | Standard | |
canned by | Insertion | Standard | ||
cans | Containment | Standard | V*N | |
captured by | Insertion | Standard | ||
capturing | captures | Containment | Standard | |
carried by | Insertion | Standard | ||
carrying | carries | Containment | Standard | |
cased by | Insertion | Standard | ||
casing | cases | Containment | Standard | V*N |
catching | catches | Containment | Standard | V*N |
caught by | caught in | Insertion | Standard | |
chambers | Containment | Advanced | ||
chaps | Insertion | Advanced | V*N | |
charged with | Containment | Standard | ||
charging | charges | Insertion | Standard | V*N |
checked by | Insertion | Standard | ||
checking | checks | Containment | Standard | V*N |
choked by | Insertion | Standard | ||
choking | chokes | Containment | Standard | |
chopped by | Containment | Standard | ||
chopped by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
chopping | chops | Containment | Advanced | |
chopping | chops | Insertion | Standard | |
circled by | Insertion | Standard | ||
circling | circles | Containment | Standard | V*N |
circumvented by | Insertion | Standard | ||
circumventing | circumvents | Containment | Standard | |
clad in | clad with | Insertion | Standard | |
cladding | clads | Containment | Standard | V*N |
clasped by | Insertion | Standard | ||
clasping | clasps | Containment | Standard | V*N |
clenched in | Insertion | Standard | ||
clenching | clenches | Containment | Standard | |
clings to | clinging to | Containment | Standard | |
clipped by | Insertion | Standard | ||
clipping | clips | Containment | Standard | V*N |
cloaked in | Insertion | Standard | ||
cloaking | cloaks | Containment | Standard | V*N |
closed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
closing in | closes in | Containment | Standard | |
clothed by | clothed in | Insertion | Standard | |
clothing | clothes | Containment | Standard | V*N |
clutched by | Insertion | Standard | ||
clutching | clutches | Containment | Standard | V*N |
coated in | coated with | Insertion | Standard | |
collared by | Insertion | Standard | ||
collaring | collars | Containment | Standard | V*N |
compasses | Containment | Advanced | ||
comprehended by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
comprehending | comprehends | Containment | Advanced | |
compressed in | Insertion | Standard | ||
compressing | compresses | Containment | Standard | V*N |
comprised by | Insertion | Standard | ||
comprising | comprises | Containment | Advanced | |
confined in | Insertion | Standard | ||
confining | confines | Containment | Standard | V*N |
conserved by | Insertion | Standard | ||
conserving | conserves | Containment | Standard | V*N |
constrained by | Insertion | Standard | ||
constraining | constrains | Containment | Standard | |
consumed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
consuming | consumes | Containment | Standard | V*A |
contained by | contained in | Insertion | Standard | |
containing | contains | Containment | Standard | |
cops | Containment | Standard | V*N | |
covered by | covered in | Insertion | Standard | |
covering | covers | Containment | Standard | V*N,V*A |
cowling | cowls | Containment | Standard | |
cracked by | Containment | Advanced | ||
cracking | cracks | Insertion | Advanced | V*N,V*A |
cramped by | Insertion | Standard | ||
cramping | cramps | Containment | Standard | V*N |
crashed by | gatecrashed by | Containment | Standard | |
crashes | gatecrashes | Insertion | Advanced | |
cribbed by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
cribbing | cribs | Containment | Advanced | V*N |
crowded by | Insertion | Standard | ||
crowded with | Containment | Standard | ||
crowding | crowds | Containment | Standard | V*N |
crowding | crowds | Insertion | Standard | V*N |
crushed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
crushing | crushes | Containment | Standard | V*N,V*A |
crusts | Containment | Advanced | V*N | |
cuddled by | Insertion | Standard | ||
cuddling | cuddles | Containment | Standard | V*N |
cups | Containment | Advanced | V*N | |
curbed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
curbing | curbs | Containment | Standard | V*N |
cutting | cuts | Insertion | Standard | V*N |
decked by | Insertion | Standard | ||
decking | decks | Containment | Standard | V*N |
detained by | Insertion | Standard | ||
detaining | detains | Containment | Standard | |
devoured by | Insertion | Standard | ||
devouring | devours | Containment | Standard | |
digested by | Insertion | Standard | ||
digesting | digests | Containment | Standard | V*N |
divided by | Containment | Standard | ||
dividing | divides | Insertion | Standard | |
done up in | done up with | Insertion | Standard | |
dons | Insertion | Standard | V*N | |
drawing in | draws in | Containment | Standard | |
drawn in by | Insertion | Standard | ||
drilled by | Containment | Standard | ||
drilling | drills | Insertion | Standard | V*N |
drinking | drinks | Containment | Standard | V*N |
drunk | Insertion | Standard | V*A | |
eaten by | Insertion | Standard | ||
eating | eats | Containment | Standard | |
edged by | Insertion | Standard | ||
edging | edges | Containment | Standard | V*N |
embedded in | Insertion | Standard | ||
embedding | embeds | Containment | Advanced | |
embodied by | Insertion | Standard | ||
embodying | embodies | Containment | Standard | |
embraced by | Insertion | Standard | ||
embracing | embraces | Containment | Standard | V*N |
encapsulated by | Insertion | Standard | ||
encapsulating | encapsulates | Containment | Standard | |
encased in | Insertion | Standard | ||
encircled by | Insertion | Standard | ||
encircling | encircles | Containment | Standard | |
enclaves | Containment | Advanced | ||
enclosed by | enclosed in | Insertion | Standard | |
enclosing | encloses | Containment | Standard | |
encompassed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
encompassing | encompasses | Containment | Standard | |
encrusted | Insertion | Standard | ||
encrusting | encrusts | Containment | Standard | |
enfolded by | enfolded in | Insertion | Standard | |
enfolding | enfolds | Containment | Standard | |
engaged in | engaged by | Insertion | Standard | |
engaging | engages | Containment | Standard | |
engulfed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
engulfing | engulfs | Containment | Standard | |
enrobed in | Insertion | Standard | ||
enshrined in | Insertion | Standard | ||
enshrining | enshrines | Containment | Standard | |
enshrouded | Insertion | Standard | ||
enshrouding | enshrouds | Containment | Standard | |
ensnared in | Insertion | Standard | ||
ensnaring | ensnares | Containment | Standard | |
entered by | Containment | Standard | ||
entering | enters | Insertion | Standard | |
entertained by | Insertion | Standard | ||
entertaining | entertains | Containment | Standard | |
enthralled by | Insertion | Standard | ||
enthralling | enthralls | Containment | Standard | |
enveloped by | Insertion | Standard | ||
enveloping | envelops | Containment | Standard | |
environs | Containment | Advanced | ||
externally | Containment | Standard | ||
extra | Containment | Advanced | P*A,P*N | |
fed to | Insertion | Standard | ||
fenced by | Insertion | Standard | ||
fencing | fences | Containment | Standard | V*N |
filled with | filled by | Containment | Standard | |
filling | fills | Insertion | Standard | V*N |
flanked by | Insertion | Standard | ||
flanking | flanks | Containment | Standard | V*N |
folded in | Insertion | Advanced | ||
folding | folds | Containment | Advanced | V*N,V*A |
found in | Insertion | Standard | ||
framed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
framing | frames | Containment | Standard | V*N |
fringed with | Insertion | Standard | ||
fringing | fringes | Containment | Standard | V*N |
garments | Containment | Advanced | V*N | |
getting around | getting about | Containment | Standard | |
getting hold of | gets hold of | Containment | Standard | |
getting into | gets into | Insertion | Standard | |
girdles | Containment | Standard | ||
gloves | Containment | Standard | V*N | |
gobbled by | Insertion | Standard | ||
gobbling | gobbles | Containment | Standard | |
going around | going about | Containment | Standard | |
going into | goes into | Insertion | Standard | |
grabbed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
grabbing | grabs | Containment | Standard | V*N |
grasped by | Insertion | Standard | ||
grasping | grasps | Containment | Standard | V*A |
griping | gripes | Containment | Advanced | |
gripped by | Insertion | Standard | ||
gripping | grips | Containment | Standard | |
guarded by | Insertion | Standard | ||
guarding | guards | Containment | Standard | |
gulped by | Insertion | Standard | ||
gulping | gulps | Containment | Standard | |
harboured by | Insertion | Standard | ||
harbouring | harbours | Containment | Standard | |
having | has | Containment | Standard | |
hedged by | Insertion | Standard | ||
hedging | hedges | Containment | Advanced | |
held by | held in | Insertion | Standard | |
hemming | hems | Containment | Standard | |
hidden by | hiding in | Insertion | Standard | |
hiding | hides | Containment | Standard | |
holding | holds | Containment | Standard | |
hoops | Containment | Standard | ||
hosted by | Insertion | Standard | ||
hosting | hosts | Containment | Standard | |
housed in | Insertion | Standard | ||
housing | houses | Containment | Standard | |
hugged by | Insertion | Standard | ||
hugging | hugs | Containment | Standard | |
implicated | Insertion | Standard | ||
implicated by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
implicating | implicates | Containment | Advanced | |
imprisoned in | Insertion | Standard | ||
imprisoning | imprisons | Containment | Standard | |
in | Insertion | Standard | ||
included in | Insertion | Standard | ||
including | includes | Containment | Standard | |
incorporated in | Insertion | Standard | ||
incorporating | incorporates | Containment | Standard | |
infiltrated by | Containment | Standard | ||
infiltrating | infiltrates | Insertion | Standard | |
inhabited by | Containment | Standard | ||
inhabiting | inhabits | Insertion | Standard | |
inhibited by | Insertion | Standard | ||
inhibiting | inhibits | Containment | Standard | |
injected with | Containment | Standard | ||
inside | Insertion | Standard | ||
inspired by | inspiring/inspires | Insertion | Standard | |
inspired with | inspired by | Containment | Advanced | |
inspiring | inspires | Containment | Advanced | |
installed in | Insertion | Standard | ||
installing | installs | Containment | Standard | |
interred in | Insertion | Standard | ||
interrupted by | Containment | Standard | ||
interrupting | interrupts | Insertion | Standard | |
intervening | Insertion | Standard | ||
introduced by | introduced to | Insertion | Standard | |
introducing | introduces | Containment | Standard | |
invested with | Insertion | Standard | ||
investing | invests | Containment | Advanced | |
involved in | Insertion | Standard | ||
involving | involves | Containment | Standard | |
jammed by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
jammed with | Containment | Standard | ||
jamming | jams | Containment | Advanced | |
jamming | jams | Insertion | Standard | |
keeping | keeps | Containment | Standard | |
kept by | kept in | Insertion | Standard | |
lagging | lags | Containment | Advanced | |
lapping | laps | Containment | Advanced | |
limited by | Insertion | Standard | ||
limiting | limits | Containment | Standard | |
lined with | Containment | Standard | ||
lining | lines | Insertion | Standard | |
lips | Containment | Advanced | ||
listed | Insertion | Advanced | ||
listing | lists | Containment | Advanced | |
locked by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
locking | locks | Containment | Advanced | |
mantles | Containment | Standard | ||
masked by | Insertion | Standard | ||
masking | masks | Containment | Standard | |
nabbed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
nabbing | nabs | Containment | Standard | |
nailed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
nailing | nails | Containment | Standard | |
netted by | Insertion | Standard | ||
netting | nets | Containment | Standard | |
nicked by | Insertion | Standard | ||
nicking | nicks | Containment | Standard | |
nipped by | Insertion | Standard | ||
nipping | nips | Containment | Standard | |
nobbled by | Insertion | Standard | ||
nobbling | nobbles | Containment | Standard | |
nursed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
nursing | nurses | Containment | Standard | |
occupied by | Containment | Standard | ||
occupying | occupies | Insertion | Standard | |
opened by | Containment | Advanced | ||
opening | opens | Insertion | Advanced | |
outside | Containment | Standard | ||
overtaking | overtakes | Containment | Standard | |
overwhelmed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
overwhelming | overwhelms | Containment | Standard | |
packed with | Containment | Standard | ||
packing | packs | Containment | Standard | |
part way through | Insertion | Standard | ||
parted by | Containment | Standard | ||
parting | parts | Insertion | Standard | |
patrolled by | Insertion | Standard | ||
patrolling | patrols | Containment | Standard | |
penetrated by | Containment | Standard | ||
penetrating | penetrates | Insertion | Standard | |
penned by | Insertion | Standard | ||
penning | pens | Containment | Standard | |
perambulating | perambulates | Containment | Advanced | |
picked up by | Insertion | Standard | ||
picking up | Containment | Standard | ||
pierced by | Containment | Standard | ||
piercing | pierces | Insertion | Standard | |
pinched by | Insertion | Standard | ||
pinching | pinches | Containment | Standard | |
pinned in | Insertion | Standard | ||
pinning | pins | Containment | Advanced | |
plugged by | Containment | Standard | ||
plugging | plugs | Insertion | Standard | |
pocketed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
pocketing | pockets | Containment | Standard | |
popped by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
popping | pops | Containment | Advanced | |
possessed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
possessing | possesses | Containment | Standard | |
pounded by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
pounding | pounds | Containment | Advanced | |
pressed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
pressing | presses | Containment | Standard | |
prisons | Containment | Advanced | ||
probed by | Containment | Standard | ||
probing | probes | Insertion | Standard | |
protected by | Insertion | Standard | ||
protecting | protects | Containment | Standard | |
pulled by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
pulling | pulls | Containment | Advanced | |
pursed by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
pursing | purses | Containment | Standard | |
put about | put round | Containment | Standard | |
put in | put into | Insertion | Standard | |
received by | Insertion | Standard | ||
receiving | receives | Containment | Standard | |
repressed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
repressing | represses | Containment | Standard | |
restrained by | Insertion | Standard | ||
restraining | restrains | Containment | Standard | |
restricted by | Insertion | Standard | ||
restricting | restricts | Containment | Standard | |
retained by | Insertion | Standard | ||
retaining | retains | Containment | Standard | |
ringing | rings | Containment | Standard | |
round | Containment | Standard | ||
rounded by | Insertion | Standard | ||
rounding | rounds | Containment | Standard | |
sandwiched by | Insertion | Standard | ||
sandwiches | Containment | Standard | ||
screened by | Insertion | Standard | ||
screening | screens | Containment | Standard | |
sealed by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
sealing | seals | Containment | Advanced | |
secured by | Insertion | Standard | ||
securing | secures | Containment | Standard | |
seized by | Insertion | Standard | ||
seizing | seizes | Containment | Standard | |
set about | Containment | Standard | ||
set in | Insertion | Standard | ||
shared by | Containment | Advanced | ||
sharing | shares | Insertion | Advanced | |
sheltered by | Insertion | Standard | ||
sheltering | shelters | Containment | Standard | |
shipped by | Insertion | Standard | ||
shipping | ships | Containment | Standard | |
shrouded by | Insertion | Standard | ||
shrouding | shrouds | Containment | Standard | |
skirted by | Insertion | Standard | ||
skirting | skirts | Containment | Standard | |
slicing | slices | Insertion | Standard | |
slipped into | Insertion | Standard | ||
smothered by | Insertion | Standard | ||
smothering | smothers | Containment | Standard | |
smouldering | smoulders | Containment | Advanced | |
smuggled by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
smuggling | smuggles | Containment | Advanced | |
snared by | Insertion | Standard | ||
snaring | snares | Containment | Standard | |
snuggling | snuggles | Containment | Standard | |
spanned by | Insertion | Standard | ||
spanning | spans | Containment | Standard | |
spheres | Containment | Advanced | ||
split by | Containment | Standard | ||
splitting | splits | Insertion | Standard | |
spread by | Containment | Advanced | ||
spreading | spreads | Insertion | Advanced | |
squashed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
squashing | squashes | Containment | Standard | |
squeezed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
squeezing | squeezes | Containment | Standard | |
stalled by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
stalling | stalls | Containment | Advanced | |
sticking | sticks | Insertion | Advanced | |
stifled by | Insertion | Standard | ||
stifling | stifles | Containment | Standard | |
stopped by | Containment | Advanced | ||
stopping | stops | Insertion | Advanced | |
stored in | Insertion | Standard | ||
storing | stores | Containment | Standard | |
stowed in | Insertion | Standard | ||
stowing | stows | Containment | Standard | |
straddled by | Insertion | Standard | ||
straddling | straddles | Containment | Standard | |
straining | strains | Containment | Advanced | |
stuck with | Containment | Advanced | ||
stuffed with | Containment | Standard | ||
stuffing | stuffs | Insertion | Standard | |
sucked by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
sucking | sucks | Containment | Advanced | |
suppressed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
suppressing | suppresses | Containment | Standard | |
surrounded by | Insertion | Standard | ||
surrounding | surrounds | Containment | Standard | |
swallowed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
swallowing | swallows | Containment | Standard | |
swathed in | Insertion | Standard | ||
swathing | swathes | Containment | Standard | |
tackled by | Insertion | Standard | ||
tackling | tackles | Containment | Standard | |
taken by | Insertion | Standard | ||
taken in by | Insertion | Standard | ||
taken on by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
taking | takes | Containment | Standard | |
taking in | takes in | Containment | Standard | |
taking on | takes on | Containment | Advanced | |
tapped by | Containment | Advanced | ||
tapping | taps | Insertion | Advanced | |
throttled by | Insertion | Standard | ||
throttling | throttles | Containment | Standard | |
thrown in | thrown into | Insertion | Standard | |
thwarted by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
thwarting | thwarts | Containment | Advanced | |
transfixed by | Containment | Standard | ||
transfixing | transfixes | Insertion | Standard | |
trapped in | Insertion | Standard | ||
trapping | traps | Containment | Standard | |
trousers | Containment | Standard | ||
tucked into | Insertion | Standard | ||
undoing | undoes | Insertion | Advanced | |
undone by | Containment | Advanced | ||
vices | Containment | Advanced | ||
walls | Containment | Advanced | ||
wearing | wears | Insertion | Standard | |
wedged in | wedges | Insertion | Standard | |
wedged with | Containment | Standard | ||
wedges | Containment | Advanced | ||
welcomed by | Insertion | Standard | ||
welcoming | welcomes | Containment | Standard | |
wimples | Containment | Advanced | ||
winding | winds | Containment | Advanced | |
within | Insertion | Standard | ||
worn by | Containment | Standard | ||
wound by | Insertion | Advanced | ||
wrapped in | Insertion | Standard | ||
wrapping | wraps | Containment | Standard | |
wreathed in | Insertion | Standard |