Container and Contents Indicators

Containment and insertion indicators tell the solver to put one piece of text inside another. Containment involves X surrounding Y (result = Y inside X), as in ‘Irish playwright holds party’ for SHAW contains DO = SHADOW; insertion means X being put into Y (result = X inside Y), as in ‘worker entering annexe’ for ANT inserted into WING = WANTING. In general, any term which suggests something being contained by something else is likely to be acceptable, although setters should avoid ones which are normally used only in a restricted context (eg ‘punches’, which relates specifically to piercing using a tool). Where the indicator is a verb, other forms are possible, such as the infinitive (eg ‘naughty to embrace king’ for BAD contains R = BARD). Note that a few verbs, such as ‘assume’ and ‘inspire’ can be used (in advanced crosswords) to indicate either containment or insertion (‘He inspired the fresh air’ / ‘He was inspired with ambition’). Setters should be careful when using certain past participles with ‘by’ – for instance, ‘Mary imprisoned by Elizabeth’ doesn’t imply imprisonment within Elizabeth.

Date last modified: 21/10/24
Recent changes: (19/01/24) added barking/barks (bark = ‘to encrust’), binding/binds/bound by, coated in/with (in the active form the subject is the person doing the coating), crusts, garments (garment = ‘to clothe or cover’, OED confirms figurative use),  masking/masks/masked by (mask = ‘to cloak’), straddling/straddles/straddled by, bestriding/bestrides/bestridden by, cops (cop = ‘to catch’), bookends, (21/05) added over (following reconsideration), added thwarting/thwarts/thwarted by, (13/08) added chambers, girdles, walls, (04/09) added chopping/chops/chopped by (chop = ‘to eat’ and ‘to cut’), done up in/with, slicing/slices, spheres (sphere = ‘to encompass’), cowling/cowls (cowl = ‘to cover like a cowl’), (22/09) added enshrining/enshrines/enshrined in, encased in, enrobed in, (21/10) removed crosses/crossing/crossed by, over.

IndicatorAlternative form(s)VarietyType
aboardInsertionStandard
aboutContainmentStandard
absorbed byInsertionStandard
absorbingabsorbsContainmentStandardV*A
accepted byInsertionStandard
acceptingacceptsContainmentStandard
accommodated byInsertionStandard
accommodatingaccommodatesContainmentStandard
admitted byInsertionStandard
admittingadmitsContainmentStandard
adopted byInsertionStandard
adoptingadoptsContainmentStandard
ambientInsertionAdvanced
amidamidstInsertionStandard
amongInsertionStandard
apprehended byInsertionStandard
apprehendingapprehendsContainmentStandard
aroundContainmentStandard
arrested byInsertionStandard
arrestingarrestsContainmentStandardV*N,V*A
assumingassumes/assumed byContainmentAdvanced
assumingassumes/assumed byInsertionAdvanced
bagged byInsertionStandard
baggingbagsContainmentStandardV*N
bailingbailsContainmentAdvancedV*N
barkingbarksContainmentAdvanced
bathed inInsertionStandard
bathingbathesContainmentStandard
bearingbearsContainmentStandardV*N
bedded inInsertionStandard
beddingbedsContainmentAdvancedV*N
beset bybeset withInsertionStandard
besettingbesetsContainmentStandard
besieged byInsertionStandard
besiegingbesiegesContainmentStandard
bestridden byInsertionStandard
bestridingbestridesContainmentStandard
bindingbindsContainmentStandardV*N
bitingbitesContainmentStandardV*N,V*A
bitten byInsertionStandard
blanketsContainmentStandardV*N
boarded byContainmentStandard
boardingboardsInsertionStandardV*N,V*A
bonesContainmentAdvancedV*N
bookendsContainmentStandardV*N
bordered byInsertionStandard
borderingbordersContainmentStandardV*N
bored byContainmentStandard
boringboresInsertionStandardV*N,V*A
borne byInsertionStandard
bottled byInsertionStandard
bottlingbottlesContainmentStandardV*N
bound byInsertionStandard
bounded byInsertionStandard
boundingboundsContainmentStandardV*N
boxed byInsertionStandard
boxingboxesContainmentStandardV*N
bracketed byInsertionStandard
bracketingbracketsContainmentStandardV*N
breakingbreaksInsertionAdvancedV*N
broken byContainmentAdvanced
bunged byContainmentStandard
bungingbungsInsertionStandardV*N
buried inInsertionStandard
buryingburiesContainmentStandard
canned byInsertionStandard
cansContainmentStandardV*N
captured byInsertionStandard
capturingcapturesContainmentStandard
carried byInsertionStandard
carryingcarriesContainmentStandard
cased byInsertionStandard
casingcasesContainmentStandardV*N
catchingcatchesContainmentStandardV*N
caught bycaught inInsertionStandard
chambersContainmentAdvanced
chapsInsertionAdvancedV*N
charged withContainmentStandard
chargingchargesInsertionStandardV*N
checked byInsertionStandard
checkingchecksContainmentStandardV*N
choked byInsertionStandard
chokingchokesContainmentStandard
chopped byContainmentStandard
chopped byInsertionAdvanced
choppingchopsContainmentAdvanced
choppingchopsInsertionStandard
circled byInsertionStandard
circlingcirclesContainmentStandardV*N
circumvented byInsertionStandard
circumventingcircumventsContainmentStandard
clad inclad withInsertionStandard
claddingcladsContainmentStandardV*N
clasped byInsertionStandard
claspingclaspsContainmentStandardV*N
clenched inInsertionStandard
clenchingclenchesContainmentStandard
clings toclinging toContainmentStandard
clipped byInsertionStandard
clippingclipsContainmentStandardV*N
cloaked inInsertionStandard
cloakingcloaksContainmentStandardV*N
closed byInsertionStandard
closing incloses inContainmentStandard
clothed byclothed inInsertionStandard
clothingclothesContainmentStandardV*N
clutched byInsertionStandard
clutchingclutchesContainmentStandardV*N
coated incoated withInsertionStandard
collared byInsertionStandard
collaringcollarsContainmentStandardV*N
compassesContainmentAdvanced
comprehended byInsertionAdvanced
comprehendingcomprehendsContainmentAdvanced
compressed inInsertionStandard
compressingcompressesContainmentStandardV*N
comprised byInsertionStandard
comprisingcomprisesContainmentAdvanced
confined inInsertionStandard
confiningconfinesContainmentStandardV*N
conserved byInsertionStandard
conservingconservesContainmentStandardV*N
constrained byInsertionStandard
constrainingconstrainsContainmentStandard
consumed byInsertionStandard
consumingconsumesContainmentStandardV*A
contained bycontained inInsertionStandard
containingcontainsContainmentStandard
copsContainmentStandardV*N
covered bycovered inInsertionStandard
coveringcoversContainmentStandardV*N,V*A
cowlingcowlsContainmentStandard
cracked byContainmentAdvanced
crackingcracksInsertionAdvancedV*N,V*A
cramped byInsertionStandard
crampingcrampsContainmentStandardV*N
crashed bygatecrashed byContainmentStandard
crashesgatecrashesInsertionAdvanced
cribbed byInsertionAdvanced
cribbingcribsContainmentAdvancedV*N
crowded byInsertionStandard
crowded withContainmentStandard
crowdingcrowdsContainmentStandardV*N
crowdingcrowdsInsertionStandardV*N
crushed byInsertionStandard
crushingcrushesContainmentStandardV*N,V*A
crustsContainmentAdvancedV*N
cuddled byInsertionStandard
cuddlingcuddlesContainmentStandardV*N
cupsContainmentAdvancedV*N
curbed byInsertionStandard
curbingcurbsContainmentStandardV*N
cuttingcutsInsertionStandardV*N
decked byInsertionStandard
deckingdecksContainmentStandardV*N
detained byInsertionStandard
detainingdetainsContainmentStandard
devoured byInsertionStandard
devouringdevoursContainmentStandard
digested byInsertionStandard
digestingdigestsContainmentStandardV*N
divided byContainmentStandard
dividingdividesInsertionStandard
done up indone up withInsertionStandard
donsInsertionStandardV*N
drawing indraws inContainmentStandard
drawn in byInsertionStandard
drilled byContainmentStandard
drillingdrillsInsertionStandardV*N
drinkingdrinksContainmentStandardV*N
drunkInsertionStandardV*A
eaten byInsertionStandard
eatingeatsContainmentStandard
edged byInsertionStandard
edgingedgesContainmentStandardV*N
embedded inInsertionStandard
embeddingembedsContainmentAdvanced
embodied byInsertionStandard
embodyingembodiesContainmentStandard
embraced byInsertionStandard
embracingembracesContainmentStandardV*N
encapsulated byInsertionStandard
encapsulatingencapsulatesContainmentStandard
encased inInsertionStandard
encircled byInsertionStandard
encirclingencirclesContainmentStandard
enclavesContainmentAdvanced
enclosed byenclosed inInsertionStandard
enclosingenclosesContainmentStandard
encompassed byInsertionStandard
encompassingencompassesContainmentStandard
encrustedInsertionStandard
encrustingencrustsContainmentStandard
enfolded byenfolded inInsertionStandard
enfoldingenfoldsContainmentStandard
engaged inengaged byInsertionStandard
engagingengagesContainmentStandard
engulfed byInsertionStandard
engulfingengulfsContainmentStandard
enrobed inInsertionStandard
enshrined inInsertionStandard
enshriningenshrinesContainmentStandard
enshroudedInsertionStandard
enshroudingenshroudsContainmentStandard
ensnared inInsertionStandard
ensnaringensnaresContainmentStandard
entered byContainmentStandard
enteringentersInsertionStandard
entertained byInsertionStandard
entertainingentertainsContainmentStandard
enthralled byInsertionStandard
enthrallingenthrallsContainmentStandard
enveloped byInsertionStandard
envelopingenvelopsContainmentStandard
environsContainmentAdvanced
externallyContainmentStandard
extraContainmentAdvancedP*A,P*N
fed toInsertionStandard
fenced byInsertionStandard
fencingfencesContainmentStandardV*N
filled withfilled byContainmentStandard
fillingfillsInsertionStandardV*N
flanked byInsertionStandard
flankingflanksContainmentStandardV*N
folded inInsertionAdvanced
foldingfoldsContainmentAdvancedV*N,V*A
found inInsertionStandard
framed byInsertionStandard
framingframesContainmentStandardV*N
fringed withInsertionStandard
fringingfringesContainmentStandardV*N
garmentsContainmentAdvancedV*N
getting aroundgetting aboutContainmentStandard
getting hold ofgets hold ofContainmentStandard
getting intogets intoInsertionStandard
girdlesContainmentStandard
glovesContainmentStandardV*N
gobbled byInsertionStandard
gobblinggobblesContainmentStandard
going aroundgoing aboutContainmentStandard
going intogoes intoInsertionStandard
grabbed byInsertionStandard
grabbinggrabsContainmentStandardV*N
grasped byInsertionStandard
graspinggraspsContainmentStandardV*A
gripinggripesContainmentAdvanced
gripped byInsertionStandard
grippinggripsContainmentStandard
guarded byInsertionStandard
guardingguardsContainmentStandard
gulped byInsertionStandard
gulpinggulpsContainmentStandard
harboured byInsertionStandard
harbouringharboursContainmentStandard
havinghasContainmentStandard
hedged byInsertionStandard
hedginghedgesContainmentAdvanced
held byheld inInsertionStandard
hemminghemsContainmentStandard
hidden byhiding inInsertionStandard
hidinghidesContainmentStandard
holdingholdsContainmentStandard
hoopsContainmentStandard
hosted byInsertionStandard
hostinghostsContainmentStandard
housed inInsertionStandard
housinghousesContainmentStandard
hugged byInsertionStandard
hugginghugsContainmentStandard
implicatedInsertionStandard
implicated byInsertionAdvanced
implicatingimplicatesContainmentAdvanced
imprisoned inInsertionStandard
imprisoningimprisonsContainmentStandard
inInsertionStandard
included inInsertionStandard
includingincludesContainmentStandard
incorporated inInsertionStandard
incorporatingincorporatesContainmentStandard
infiltrated byContainmentStandard
infiltratinginfiltratesInsertionStandard
inhabited byContainmentStandard
inhabitinginhabitsInsertionStandard
inhibited byInsertionStandard
inhibitinginhibitsContainmentStandard
injected withContainmentStandard
insideInsertionStandard
inspired byinspiring/inspiresInsertionStandard
inspired withinspired byContainmentAdvanced
inspiringinspiresContainmentAdvanced
installed inInsertionStandard
installinginstallsContainmentStandard
interred inInsertionStandard
interrupted byContainmentStandard
interruptinginterruptsInsertionStandard
interveningInsertionStandard
introduced byintroduced toInsertionStandard
introducingintroducesContainmentStandard
invested withInsertionStandard
investinginvestsContainmentAdvanced
involved inInsertionStandard
involvinginvolvesContainmentStandard
jammed byInsertionAdvanced
jammed withContainmentStandard
jammingjamsContainmentAdvanced
jammingjamsInsertionStandard
keepingkeepsContainmentStandard
kept bykept inInsertionStandard
lagginglagsContainmentAdvanced
lappinglapsContainmentAdvanced
limited byInsertionStandard
limitinglimitsContainmentStandard
lined withContainmentStandard
lininglinesInsertionStandard
lipsContainmentAdvanced
listedInsertionAdvanced
listinglistsContainmentAdvanced
locked byInsertionAdvanced
lockinglocksContainmentAdvanced
mantlesContainmentStandard
masked byInsertionStandard
maskingmasksContainmentStandard
nabbed byInsertionStandard
nabbingnabsContainmentStandard
nailed byInsertionStandard
nailingnailsContainmentStandard
netted byInsertionStandard
nettingnetsContainmentStandard
nicked byInsertionStandard
nickingnicksContainmentStandard
nipped byInsertionStandard
nippingnipsContainmentStandard
nobbled byInsertionStandard
nobblingnobblesContainmentStandard
nursed byInsertionStandard
nursingnursesContainmentStandard
occupied byContainmentStandard
occupyingoccupiesInsertionStandard
opened byContainmentAdvanced
openingopensInsertionAdvanced
outsideContainmentStandard
overtakingovertakesContainmentStandard
overwhelmed byInsertionStandard
overwhelmingoverwhelmsContainmentStandard
packed withContainmentStandard
packingpacksContainmentStandard
part way throughInsertionStandard
parted byContainmentStandard
partingpartsInsertionStandard
patrolled byInsertionStandard
patrollingpatrolsContainmentStandard
penetrated byContainmentStandard
penetratingpenetratesInsertionStandard
penned byInsertionStandard
penningpensContainmentStandard
perambulatingperambulatesContainmentAdvanced
picked up byInsertionStandard
picking upContainmentStandard
pierced byContainmentStandard
piercingpiercesInsertionStandard
pinched byInsertionStandard
pinchingpinchesContainmentStandard
pinned inInsertionStandard
pinningpinsContainmentAdvanced
plugged byContainmentStandard
pluggingplugsInsertionStandard
pocketed byInsertionStandard
pocketingpocketsContainmentStandard
popped byInsertionAdvanced
poppingpopsContainmentAdvanced
possessed byInsertionStandard
possessingpossessesContainmentStandard
pounded byInsertionAdvanced
poundingpoundsContainmentAdvanced
pressed byInsertionStandard
pressingpressesContainmentStandard
prisonsContainmentAdvanced
probed byContainmentStandard
probingprobesInsertionStandard
protected byInsertionStandard
protectingprotectsContainmentStandard
pulled byInsertionAdvanced
pullingpullsContainmentAdvanced
pursed byInsertionAdvanced
pursingpursesContainmentStandard
put aboutput roundContainmentStandard
put input intoInsertionStandard
received byInsertionStandard
receivingreceivesContainmentStandard
repressed byInsertionStandard
repressingrepressesContainmentStandard
restrained byInsertionStandard
restrainingrestrainsContainmentStandard
restricted byInsertionStandard
restrictingrestrictsContainmentStandard
retained byInsertionStandard
retainingretainsContainmentStandard
ringingringsContainmentStandard
roundContainmentStandard
rounded byInsertionStandard
roundingroundsContainmentStandard
sandwiched byInsertionStandard
sandwichesContainmentStandard
screened byInsertionStandard
screeningscreensContainmentStandard
sealed byInsertionAdvanced
sealingsealsContainmentAdvanced
secured byInsertionStandard
securingsecuresContainmentStandard
seized byInsertionStandard
seizingseizesContainmentStandard
set aboutContainmentStandard
set inInsertionStandard
shared byContainmentAdvanced
sharingsharesInsertionAdvanced
sheltered byInsertionStandard
shelteringsheltersContainmentStandard
shipped byInsertionStandard
shippingshipsContainmentStandard
shrouded byInsertionStandard
shroudingshroudsContainmentStandard
skirted byInsertionStandard
skirtingskirtsContainmentStandard
slicingslicesInsertionStandard
slipped intoInsertionStandard
smothered byInsertionStandard
smotheringsmothersContainmentStandard
smoulderingsmouldersContainmentAdvanced
smuggled byInsertionAdvanced
smugglingsmugglesContainmentAdvanced
snared byInsertionStandard
snaringsnaresContainmentStandard
snugglingsnugglesContainmentStandard
spanned byInsertionStandard
spanningspansContainmentStandard
spheresContainmentAdvanced
split byContainmentStandard
splittingsplitsInsertionStandard
spread byContainmentAdvanced
spreadingspreadsInsertionAdvanced
squashed byInsertionStandard
squashingsquashesContainmentStandard
squeezed byInsertionStandard
squeezingsqueezesContainmentStandard
stalled byInsertionAdvanced
stallingstallsContainmentAdvanced
stickingsticksInsertionAdvanced
stifled byInsertionStandard
stiflingstiflesContainmentStandard
stopped byContainmentAdvanced
stoppingstopsInsertionAdvanced
stored inInsertionStandard
storingstoresContainmentStandard
stowed inInsertionStandard
stowingstowsContainmentStandard
straddled byInsertionStandard
straddlingstraddlesContainmentStandard
strainingstrainsContainmentAdvanced
stuck withContainmentAdvanced
stuffed withContainmentStandard
stuffingstuffsInsertionStandard
sucked byInsertionAdvanced
suckingsucksContainmentAdvanced
suppressed byInsertionStandard
suppressingsuppressesContainmentStandard
surrounded byInsertionStandard
surroundingsurroundsContainmentStandard
swallowed byInsertionStandard
swallowingswallowsContainmentStandard
swathed inInsertionStandard
swathingswathesContainmentStandard
tackled byInsertionStandard
tacklingtacklesContainmentStandard
taken byInsertionStandard
taken in byInsertionStandard
taken on byInsertionAdvanced
takingtakesContainmentStandard
taking intakes inContainmentStandard
taking ontakes onContainmentAdvanced
tapped byContainmentAdvanced
tappingtapsInsertionAdvanced
throttled byInsertionStandard
throttlingthrottlesContainmentStandard
thrown inthrown intoInsertionStandard
thwarted byInsertionAdvanced
thwartingthwartsContainmentAdvanced
transfixed byContainmentStandard
transfixingtransfixesInsertionStandard
trapped inInsertionStandard
trappingtrapsContainmentStandard
trousersContainmentStandard
tucked intoInsertionStandard
undoingundoesInsertionAdvanced
undone byContainmentAdvanced
vicesContainmentAdvanced
wallsContainmentAdvanced
wearingwearsInsertionStandard
wedged inwedgesInsertionStandard
wedged withContainmentStandard
wedgesContainmentAdvanced
welcomed byInsertionStandard
welcomingwelcomesContainmentStandard
wimplesContainmentAdvanced
windingwindsContainmentAdvanced
withinInsertionStandard
worn byContainmentStandard
wound byInsertionAdvanced
wrapped inInsertionStandard
wrappingwrapsContainmentStandard
wreathed inInsertionStandard